diff --git a/docs/codeless-bnp.md b/docs/codeless-bnp.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca94810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/codeless-bnp.md
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Codeless `.bnp` — Declarative Plugins (WO-WZ-020)
+
+A **codeless `.bnp`** is a plugin artifact with **no `plugin.wasm`**: pure
+declaration the host runs. No wazero compile, no instance pool, no capability
+binding — zero guest code ever executes. This is the end-state of "injection,
+not reliance" for themes, content sites, and template-only block packs: the
+plugin is *data the host runs*, not a program that links a library. No Go, no
+`block/core` dependency, no toolchain beyond the `ninja` CLI.
+
+## The classifier — exactly one rule
+
+`ninja plugin build` classifies by repo shape:
+
+- **No Go source at the repo root → codeless.** The manifest is synthesized
+  from `plugin.mod` + the declarative files below; the artifact packs without
+  a wasm. `--codeless` asserts this and fails if Go is present.
+- **Go source → wasm**, exactly as before. A converted repo DELETES its Go —
+  partial conversions keep a smaller wasm and still ship `blocks/` +
+  `seed/` alongside it (both artifact kinds carry the declarative dirs).
+
+## The declarative / logic split
+
+**Codeless-expressible** (declaration or host-rendered template):
+- Blocks: a `.ninjatpl` template + declared **data providers** (the CMS's own
+  provider set — `posts`, `site`, `menus`, `authors`, … ADR 0018). The host
+  fetches, the engine renders. Defined in `blocks/blocks.yaml` — the SAME
+  manifest-FS layout core builtin block definitions use.
+- Master pages, theme presets, fonts, CSS manifest, icon packs, settings
+  schema (`manifest.yaml`), assets (host-served), migrations (host-run Goose),
+  seed data (`seed/seed.json`, applied via the WO-WZ-019 provisioner).
+
+**Requires code (a wasm plugin):**
+- A block whose data no declared provider can produce; a *computing* tag or
+  filter; HTTP handlers; background jobs; Load/Unload logic; RAG fetchers;
+  media hooks; bridge services; AI tools; `data_dir`. A codeless manifest
+  declaring any of these is rejected at build (`ninja plugin verify` /
+  `CodelessHookViolation`) AND at load (cms reader `codelessHookViolation`).
+
+## Repo layout
+
+```
+my-theme/
+  plugin.mod            # name/version/kind (data_dir forbidden)
+  manifest.yaml         # optional: theme_presets/bundled_fonts/settings_schema
+                        #   (JSON file refs), master_pages (JSON file),
+                        #   required_icon_packs, css {...}, dependencies [...]
+  blocks/
+    blocks.yaml         # key/title/category/schema/template/providers per block
+    hero.schema.json
+    hero.ninjatpl
+  templates/            # reserved for host-rendered page templates (future)
+  seed/
+    seed.json           # settings {merge/override/ensure}, media, pages, menu_items
+    hero.jpg            # media bytes referenced by seed.json entries
+  assets/               # host-served statics
+  migrations/           # Goose SQL, host-run under the plugin schema
+```
+
+`ninja plugin build` → `<name>-<version>.bnp` (tar.zst, no `plugin.wasm`,
+`manifest.pb` with `codeless: true`). `ninja plugin verify` re-runs the
+loader's checks standalone.
+
+## How the host runs it (cms `plugin/codeless_loader.go`)
+
+- The `.bnp` reader accepts a missing `plugin.wasm` iff `manifest.codeless`,
+  and rejects codeless manifests with computing-hook declarations.
+- Load: `blocks/` → `blocks.LoadManifest` → `Registry.RegisterDefinition` —
+  rendering flows through the existing definition engine (providers +
+  ninjatpl + layer fallback, WO-089..096). `seed/seed.json` → provisioner
+  (`EnsureMedia`/`MergeSiteSettings`/`EnsureSetting`/`EnsurePage`/
+  `EnsureMenuItem`), idempotent by construction. Presets/fonts/CSS/master
+  pages/settings schema come from the manifest exactly as for wasm plugins.
+- Unload/disable: definitions unregister; seeded content stays (it is site
+  data, not runtime state). Uninstall: normal teardown (schema/role drop,
+  artifact removal).
+- Hot-swap: codeless→codeless swaps run migrations first, then re-register
+  definitions and re-apply seed. Wasm↔codeless transitions require
+  uninstall + reinstall.
+
+## Seed schema (`seed/seed.json`)
+
+```json
+{
+  "settings": {"merge": {"k": "v"}, "override": {"k": "v"}, "ensure": {"k": "v"}},
+  "media":    [{"id": "<uuid>", "file": "hero.jpg", "alt": "", "folder": ""}],
+  "pages":    [{"slug": "/", "title": "Home", "template_key": "landing",
+                "parent_slug": "", "reconcile_blocks": false,
+                "blocks": [{"block_key": "hero", "title": "Hero",
+                            "content": {}, "slot": "main", "sort_order": 1}]}],
+  "menu_items": [{"menu": "main", "label": "Home", "page_slug": "/", "sort_order": 1}]
+}
+```
+
+Media `id` is the deterministic, template-referable key (`media:<uuid>`,
+`{% img %}`); bytes live in `seed/` next to the JSON. Apply order:
+media → settings → pages → menu items.